编辑部
中文校对：赶稿的金鱼姬
英文校对：Hara Kiri
美术指导：度轩
图源：thedailybeast.com
2018年8月13日，美国防授权法案（National Defense Authorization Act）草案公布，华为、海康威视、大华、中兴与Hytera五家企业被联邦政府封杀，而华为全资子公司海思是否在被禁名单内，成为关注焦点。
今年8月13日，NDAA正式实施，海思未能幸免，意味所有内置海思芯片的设备均无法出现在美国联邦政府采购名单内，已安装产品也需陆续被替换。
海思官网首页显著位置展示视频监控解决方案，覆盖低、中、高端网络摄像机与存储设备
图源：hisilicon.com
2018年，海思营收76亿美元，全球芯片厂商排名第5，视频监控是其重要业务。据彭博社报道，全球60%网络摄像机使用海思芯片。
NDAA禁令的蝴蝶效应
打响头炮的是韩华安防（Hanwha Techwin，韩国视频监控设备厂商）。
据IpVM报道，韩华约25%的网络摄像机使用海思芯片，但其已开始转投Ambarella与自研的芯片平台。其中，97%的相机在2019年底完成替换，其他将于明年Q1完成。
此前，Ambarella总裁Fermi Wang在2019年Q1财报电话会议上证实，韩华安防已采用CVflow芯片，用于专业网络摄像机部署。
中国安防行业是NDAA主要覆盖对象，被指涉嫌信息泄漏
图源：cmrlink.org
随后，中国安防厂商也加入去海思阵营，其中包括中国第三大视频监控厂商宇视科技。
宇视IpC3614LR3-pF28摄像机，使用海思芯片
图源：IpVM
今年4月，IpVM随机抽样宇视低、中、高端共三款网络摄像机，发现均使用海思芯片。
随后，宇视副产品总监Ma Li，就美国可能对中国科企实施的出口限令，接受南华早报采访，表示会选择多家供应商，规避风险。
转投Ambarella的折中方案
该公司总裁Fermi Wang透露，自6月起已收到来自中国的大量订单。截至目前，这批订单总额在2～4百万美元之间。
此外，Fermi估计在美国未发布出口限令前，来自中国的订单将持续增加。其估计今年下半年，Ambarella会迎来一波营收增长。
视频监控产品线依然是Ambarella的头号业务
图源：Seeking Alpha
Ambarella是海思在视频监控领域的头号竞争对手，2019年Q1营收为4720万美元，聚焦视频监控与车载视觉领域。
虽然体量与海思相距甚远，但在技术方面，Ambarella近期在视觉感光、人脸与车牌识别等方面加大投入，发力高端摄像机市场。
但是，海思被禁，厂商转投Ambaralle；如果断供，该如何选择？
自研芯片是必然选择
今年5月的投资者会议上，海康透露美国市场占比营收为6%，随着其他地区发展，该比重会随之减小；同时，点名海思为其关系良好的合作伙伴。
华为通过“以软件定义摄像机”思路进军安防行业，剑指国内第一
图源：cediss.com
但是，华为年初表示发力视频监控产品线，剑指国内安防把交椅，正面交战海康。因此，作为华为全资子公司，如何平衡华为与海康之间的关系，也是海思会面临的难题。
自研芯片方面，海康与大华，已分别于2017与2018年启动AI芯片开发项目；随后，宇视也透露了相应计划。
截至目前，仅有大华自研芯片被运用于经济型人脸摄像机的消息；海康与芯片公司联芸深度合作，但表示视频监控芯片种类过多，实现全系列与规模化覆盖，依旧是难点。
写在最后
中美贸易局势下，不确定性因素太多，行业供应链生态被打破。无论是激进的Ambarella与地位可能被动摇的海思，还是传统安防厂商，均是在夹缝中求生罢了。
英文版本
One year after the Defense Authorisation Act (NDAA) was drafted, it has come into effect on August 13, 2019. The impact of this is the Federal US Government's extending its powers to ban subsidiaries of currently banned Huawei, ZTE, Hikvision, Dahua and Hytera.
Significantly, Hisilicon, Huawei’s subsidiary focusing on fabless semiconductor and IC design, will be blocked from installing its Hisilicon chips in devices operating in federal government.
Furthermore, already-embedded Hisilicon chips are required to be removed following NDAA regulation.
Hisilicon’s chips are applied in IoT products ranging from Ip cameras and mobile phones to display and telecommunication gear. Last year, its total revenue reached US$7.6 billion, securing its place as fifth most valuable firm in global IC industry.
Fermi Wang, CEO of Ambarella, revealed that the company’s CVflow chips has been selected by Hanwan Techwin for its sophisticated Ip camera.
Before the changeover, approximately 25% Hanwan cameras used Hisilicon. The replacement is planned to wrap up around Q1 2020.
During Ambarella's conference call presenting its Q1 2019 financial report, Fermi explained that the company has been receiving an increasing number of orders from Chinese surveillance houses since this June, boosting revenue of Q2 2019 in a range from $2 to $4 million.
Hemspeculated that, the increasing trend of orders is likely to last until the export restrictions are officially applied to Chinese tech companies.
While Ambrella is unlikely to surpass Hisilicon in revenue, the company is seizing the commercial opportunities emerging from the political drama playing out, concentrating on increasing low-night colour capability, face and vehicle license plate recognition research.
Ambarella may face obstacles in its growth after the export restrictions are fully rolled out and it is not allowed to supply Chinese tech firms.
Given these developments, what choices remain for Chinese tech firms? In-house development of chips may be the most sustainable way forward.
Hikvision and Dahua have already initiated chip development plans in 2017 and 2018 respectively, and have been followed by Uniview. So far, the results are mixed: Dahua has commercialised the AI chip on a facial recognition product line, while Hikvision has partnered with Lian Yun, an IC design firm specialising in SSD files.
However, an anonymous source within Hikvison has claimed the company has found sharp challenges, from designing to manufacturing, in its attempt to cover variety of product chips.
Sources
Huawei Is Blocked in U.S., But Its Chips power Cameras Everywhere
https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/amp\/news\/articles\/2019-01-28\/huawei-is-blocked-in-u-s-but-its-chips-power-cameras-everywhere
US widens its campaign against Chinese tech companies with eye on surveillance firms
https:\/\/www.google.com.au\/amp\/s\/amp.scmp.com\/tech\/gear\/article\/3011370\/us-widens-its-campaign-against-chinese-tech-companies-eye-surveillance
Dahua, Hikvision, Huawei US Ban Rules Released
https:\/\/ipvm.com\/reports\/far-ban
Uniview Using Huawei Hisilicon Chips
Ambarella Inc (AMBA) Q1 2020 Earnings Call Transcript
https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/ambarella-inc-amba-q1-2020-100042760.html
Huawei’s HiSilicon may soon topple MediaTek to become Asia’s leading chip designer
https:\/\/kr-asia.com\/huaweis-hisilicon-may-soon-topple-mediatek-to-become-asias-leading-chip-designer
海康之后，大华 AI 芯片也浮出水面
https:\/\/m.leiphone.com\/news\/201809\/8BRCAAZdvkrTb0pD.html
海康大华遭遇“断供”传言：机构预计已有预案
https:\/\/tech.sina.cn\/it\/2019-05-23\/detail-ihvhiqay0688455.d.html
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